Lịch sử console

[toi5]

Mượn từ bài của bạn Introduction và có sửa đổi đôi chút:

Không biết có phải định nghĩa chính xác hay không? Nhưng cũng ráng thử:
Video game Console - là 1 máy điện tử (electronic device) được chế ra để chơi game. Và máy đó được hiển thị phát ra từ TV hoặc computer hoặc 1 màn ảnh để từ đó ra chữ Video và game là sự giải trí.
Hệ máy đầu tiên ra đời là Atari, và game (không biết phải đầu tiên không) là game Pong được phát hành năm 1972 cho hệ Atari. Những hệ máy mà tui biết tới và sự sống của nó:
- Atari 2600: 1978-1990:

Specs: [font=arial, helvetica, sans-serif][size=-1][font=tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif][size=-2][font=arial, sans-serif]

• CPU: 6507, 1.19 MHz
• Memory: RAM - 128 Bytes in VLSI, ROM - 4K max
• Graphics: A custom chip named Stella and a graphics clock that run at 1.19 MHz
• Storage Method: Carts
• Input: 2 Joystick ports

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- Magnavox Odyssey: 1978-1984

- Atari 5200: 1982-1984

[font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]YEAR[/font][font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]1982[/font][font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]COUNTRY[/font][font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]

U.S.A.[/font]
[font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetic\
a]Model#[/font][font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]CX-5200[/font]
[font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetic\a]Codename[/font][font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]Little-Pam[/font]
[font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]CPU[/font][font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]6502[/font]
[font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]SPEED[/font][font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]1.79 MHz[/font]
[font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]COPROCESSORS[/font][font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]Pokey (sound chip), Antic (graphics), GTIA (video)[/font]
[font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]ROM[/font][font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]4K max[/font]
[font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]RAM[/font][font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]16k[/font]
[font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]GRAPHIC Modes[/font][font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]17 graphics modes, including multicolored bitmap and Multicolor character modes, 8 sprites elemens. 320 X 192 hires.[/font]
[font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]COLORS[/font][font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]16 hues, 8 luminances each, 128 colors. 256 colors possible, 16 on screen at once.[/font]
[font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]SOUND[/font][font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]4 channels[/font]
[font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]I/O Ports/Addons[/font][font=Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica]Auto Antenna/Game connect, 2 or 4 controller ports, expansion port (serial)[/font]


- Colecovision: 1983-1984

- Atari 7800: 1986-1992

- NES (nintendo): 1985-1995

• Processor: 6508 8-bit (using a custom Motorola 6502 class)
• Processor speed: 1.79 Mhz
• Resolution: 256x224 (ntsc) or 256x239 (pal)
• Colors available: 52
• Max Colors on screen: 16, 24 or 25.
• Max sprites: 64
• Max sprites per line: 8
• Sprite size: 8x8 or 8x16
• Picture Scroll: 2 h.v
• RAM: 16 Kbit (2kb)
• Video RAM: 16 Kbit (2kb)
• Min/Max cart size: 192 Kbit - 4 Mbit
• Sound: PSG sound, 5 channels
  2 square wave
  1 triangle wave
  1 noise
  1 PCM

 

[toi5]

Master system: 1985-1992

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• Bits (CPU) (8): 8 Bits
• (Gx): 8
• CPU: Z80
• MHz: 3.6
• Graphics: 240 x 226
• Colors Available: 256
• Colors on screen: 52
• Sprites: 16
• Sprite size: 8x8
• Audio: Mono
• RAM: 64Kbits

[/font]- Genesis (Sega): 1989-1996

<LI>CPU: Motorola 68000 at 7.61 MHz
- 1 MByte (8 Mbit) ROM Area
- 64 KByte RAM Area
<LI>Co-Processor: Z80 @ 4 MHz (Not Present in MK-1631)
- Controls PSG (Programmable Sound Generator) & FM Chips
- 8 KBytes of dedicated Sound Ram
<LI>Graphics:
- 64 simultaneous colors of 512 color pallete.
- Pixel resolution: 320 x 224
- VDP (Video Display Processor)
- 3 Planes: 2 scrolling playfields, 1 sprite plane
<LI>Sound:
- PSG (TI 76489 chip)
- FM chip (Yamaha YM 2612)
- 6-channel stereo
- 8 KBytes RAM
- Signal/Noise Ratio: 14dB- SuperNes: 1991-1998

CPU: 65c816 (16-bit)
CPU speed: 2.68 and 3.58 Mhz
RAM memory: 1 Mbit (128 Kbyte)
Picture Proc. Unit: 16-bit
Video RAM: 0.5 Mbit (64 Kbyte)
Resolution: 256x224 512 x 448 pixels max hi res and interlaced modes
Colors Available: 32,768 colors
Max colors on screen: 256 colors
Max sprite size: 64 x 64 pixels
Max sprites: 128
Min/Max Cart Size: 2 Mbit - 48 Mbit
Sound chip: 8-bit Sony SPC700
Sound channels: 8, uses compressed wave samples
- Sega Saturn: 1995-1998

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Two Hitachi SH2 32-bit RISC @ 28.6MHz
One Hitachi SH1 32-bit RISC
VDP 1 32-bit video display processor
VDP 2 32-bit video display processor
Saturn Control Unit (SCU)
Motorola 68EC000 sound processor
DSP sound processor
2 Megabytes (16 megabits) RAM
1.54 Megabytes (12 megabits) VRAM (Video RAM)
540 Kilobytes (4 megabits) Audio RAM
540 Kilobytes (4 megabits) CD-ROM Cache
VDP 1 32-bit video display processor
sprite, polygon, and geometry engine
dual 256KB frame buffers for rotation and scaling effects
Texture Mapping
Goraud Shading
512KB cache for textures
VDP 2 32-bit background and scroll plane video display processor
background engine
5 simulataneous scrolling backgrounds
2 simultaneous rotating playfields
200,000 Texture Mapped Polygons/Second
500,000 Flat Shaded Polygons/Second
up to 60 frames per second animation
24-bit true color graphics
16. Million Available Colors
320x224, 640x224, and 720x576 Resolution
Yamaha 24-bit Digital Signal Processor @ 22.6MHz
Motorola 68EC000 sound processor @ 11.3MHz
32 PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) Channels
8 FM (Frequency Modulation) Channels
44.1 khz Sampling Rate
CD-ROM (2X)
320 Kilobytes/Second Transfer Speed
Audio CD Compatible
CD+G Compatible
CD+EG Compatible
CD Single (8 cm CD) Compatible
Optional - Video CD, Photo CD, EBook, Digital Karaoke
Optional - 512KB Memory Cartridges for game save
High speed serial communications port
Internal 32-bit Expansion port
Internal Multi AV Port for optional Video CD (MPEG) adapter
Composite Video/Stereo (Standard)
NTSC RF (Optional)
S-Video Compatible (Optional)
RGB Compatible (Optional)
HDTV Compatible (Optional)
Analog Control Pad (x2)
[/list][/font]
- Playstation: 1995-2002 (hình như vẫn còn game phát hành)

• Analog Joystick
• Controller
• Memory Card
• Link Cable
• Mouse with Pad
• RFU Adaptor
• Multitap Unit
• R3000A
• 32 bit RISC processor
• Clock- 33.8688MHz
• Operating performance - 30 MIPS
• Instruction Cache - 4 KB
• Data Cache - 1 KB
• BUS - 132 MB/sec.
• Data Transfer Rate (DMA TO RAM) 150 KB/sec. (Normal) 300 KB/sec. (Double speed)
• Maximum Capacity - 660 Megabytes
• Features Audio CD play XA Interactive Audio
• Control Pad Two control pad connectors Expandable with multitap connector
• Backup RAM Two removable cards 128 KB Flash Memory OS support for File Save, Retrieve and Remove
• Serial Port I/O Link Cable Connectivity
• Main RAM: 2 Megabytes Video RAM: 1 Megabyte Sound RAM: 512 Kilobytes CD ROM buffer: 32 Kilobytes OS ROM: 512 Kilobytes
• 24 Channels
• 44.1KHz sample rate
• PCM audio source
• Digital effects include: Envelope Looping Digital Reverb
• Load up to 512K of sampled waveforms Supports MIDI Instruments

- N64: 1997-2001

CPU: MIPS R4300i, 93.75MHz, 64-bit, 24KB L1, 125 MIPS, 250 MB/sec Bus
Graphics: SGI RCP, 62.5MHz, 100 MFLOPS, 150K Polygons/Sec, 32-bit Color, 500 MB/sec Bus
Sound: SGI RCP, 64 2D Voices, ADPCM, 500 MB/sec Bus
Data: 4MB (500 MB/s), Cartridge (32MB), Expansion 4MB RAM

- Dreamcast: 1999-2002

• CPU: Hitachi SH-4, 200MHz clock rate, 360 MIPS (millions of instructions per second), 1.4 GigaFLOPS (floating-point operations per second), 128-bit 3D calculations, 64-bit data bus, 800+ MBytes/second bus bandwidth
• Graphics Core: NEC PowerVRSG, 3 million polygons/second peak rendering rate, Perspective-Correct Texture Mapping, Point, Bilinear, Trilinear and Anisotropic Mip-map filtering, Gouraud shading 32-bit z-buffer, Colored light sourcing, Full scene anti-aliasing
  Hardware-based Fog, Bump mapping, 24-bit color, Hardware-based texture compression, Shadow and Light volumes, Super sampling
• Memory: 16 MB main RAM, 8 MB video RAM, 2 MB sound RAM
• Resolution: 640x448.
• Colors: 16.7 million
• Sound: Yamaha Audio Core, 32-bit RISC CPU, DSP for real-time effects, 64 sound channels, ,Full 3D sound support, Hardware-based audio compression
• Dreamcast Control Pad: Digital and analog directional controls, Dual analog triggers, Virtual Memory System data save unit
• Expansion Options: Modem: 33.6kb per second transfer rate (56kb in U.S.) Upgradable
• Operating System: Customized Microsoft Windows CE and Sega operating system
• Media: GD-ROM (GigaByte Disk-ROM) Drive - Maximum speed 12X 1.2 GigaByte capacity
• Console Dimensions: 7 7/16" X 7 11/16" X 3" , 190 mm (W) x 195 mm (H) x 78 mm (D)
• Weight: 4.4 pounds, 2.0 kg
• Release Date: November 20, 1998 (Japan), September 1999 (USA)

Còn sau này thì có những máy PS2, Xbox, GameCube. Và những máy sắp phát hành còn có Revolution, PS3, Xbox 360. Có những máy cũ như là: Intellevision, TurboGrafx, Jaguar, TurboDuo thì tui chưa nói tới + thêm những máy portable handheld như Gameboy, GBA, etc....